![]() The liver function and electrolyte tests were reexamined after ~8 h from the initial tests (i.e. Furthermore, emergency blood gas analysis (BGA) was also performed ~21 h after antifreeze consumption, and the results were as follows: pH, 6.85 CO 2 partial pressure (PCO 2), 23 mmHg O 2 partial pressure (PO 2), 76 mmHg Na +, 129 mmol/l K +, 6.7 mmol/l HCO 3 −, 4.0 mmol/l base excess (BE), 29.7 mmol/l and lactate, 14.6 mmol/l. In addition, an electrolyte test at admission indicated the following: K + level, 5.75 mmol/l (normal range: 3.5–5.3 mmol/l) Ca 2+ level, 2.62 mmol/l (normal range: 2.03–2.54 mmol/l) total CO 2 (TCO 2), 7.3 mmol/l (normal range: 22–29 mmol/l) anion gap, 25.7 mmol/l (normal range: 8–16mmol/l) creatine kinase (CK), 257 U/l (normal range: 55–170 U/l) CK-MB, 35 U/l (normal range: 0–25 U/l) creatinine (Cr), 171 µmol/l (normal range: 33–133 µmol/l.) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 5.75 mmol/l (normal range: 2.3–8.2mmol/L). A blood routine test performed ~20 h after consumption of antifreeze observed the following: White blood cells, 29.82×10 9/l (normal range: 4–10×10 9/l) neutrophils, 84.9% (normal range: 43–70%) red blood cells, 6.02×10 12/l (normal range: 4.0–5.7×10 12/l) hemoglobin level, 187 g/l (normal range: 130–172 g/l) and platelet level, 270 g/l. Laboratory investigations were also performed upon hospital admission. Results of other examinations were unremarkable. The abdomen was soft with no tenderness, while the bilateral kidney regions showed weakly positive percussion pains and the tendon jerk reflex was hyperreactive. Furthermore, the cardiac rhythm was regular and pathological murmurs were not observed. Upon auscultation, coarse respiratory sounds were reported in the two lungs, without significant dry or moist rales heard. In addition, the patient's lips were not cyanotic and his neck was soft without resistance (with regard to meningeal stimulation of neck stiffness). Routine check-ups concluded that the systemic skin and mucosa of the patient were not yellow in color, the skull was not malformed, and the bilateral pupils were round with the same diameter of ~3 mm however, the pupillary light reflex was slightly slow. The patient was conscious with respiratory rapidity, and was cooperative during the physical examination. Physical examination obtained 20 h after antifreeze consumption recorded a temperature of 36.7☌, heart rate of 115 bpm, respiratory rate of 35 breaths/min, and blood pressure of 154/87 mmHg. The patient was fasted during hospitalization. The patient did not experience symptoms of fever, disturbance of consciousness, coughing, palpitation, chest tightness, precordial discomfort or hematemesis, while normal emiction and defecation were reported. The symptoms the patient presented with upon admission included nausea, vomiting, facial blushing, severe agitation and shortness of breath. In the Outpatient Department, the patient was subjected to gastric lavage and transferred to the Department of Emergency Internal Medicine following consultation and diagnosis of antifreeze poisoning. Informed consent was obtained from the patient. ![]() After ~19 h, the patient was found by family members in a state of severe agitation and immediately presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College (Bengbu, China). The patient presented with nausea and with significant vomiting, facial blushing and agitation at the primary stage however, the patient did not inform his family members regarding the incident. ![]() The aim of the current study was to summarize the clinical manifestations and treatments of patients with antifreeze poisoning, and to advance the recognition of antifreeze poisoning.Ī 35-year-old male purposely consumed automobile antifreeze solution (~200 ml) in February 2013. In conclusion, the significance and clinical manifestations of antifreeze poisoning should be identified in clinical practice, and active hemodialysis should be provided. The patient was discharged 1 month after hospital admission. Renal function gradually deteriorated, but was eventually improved due to treatment, including hemodialysis, mannitol for catharsis, furosemide for diuresis, Xuebijing for the removal of blood stasis and detoxication, and reduced glutathione for the protection of major organs. The patient underwent hemodialysis and his condition was significantly improved on the day of admission. ![]() Laboratory investigations indicated severe metabolic acidosis, renal dysfunction and hyperkalemia. Subsequent to consuming antifreeze, the patient mainly presented nausea and agitation, without disturbance of consciousness. The clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations and treatments were analyzed, and the obtained results were compared with those in previous reports. The current study reported the case of a 35-year-old male that presented with antifreeze poisoning. ![]()
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